Match the two sentences：

1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.

I’m reading a book is about Bill Gates.

2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.

He is a teacher teaches us Chinese.

3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.

I don’t like the man is smoking.

4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.

Where is the picture you bought last week?

定語從句：在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。

先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

定語從句一般放在先行詞后面。

例：

關系代詞

關系詞：引導定語從句的詞稱為關系詞。關系詞分為

關系代詞(that, which, who, whom, whose)

關系副詞(when, where, why)。

關系代詞在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分，關系副詞在句中作狀語。

關系代詞which, that引導的定語從句:

如果先行詞是表示物體的名詞或代詞，關系代詞應用which, that(作主語或賓語)

關系代詞作為主語時不能省略，作為賓語是可以省略。

例：

作為主語不能省略：

This is a dream.

The dream will never come true.

The dog has been found.

The dog was lost.

The book is mine.

The book is lying on the floor.

作為賓語能省略：

This is the card.

I’ve just received the card.

This is the mistake.

I always make the mistake.

I still keep the letters.

She wrote letters to me.

I lost the pen.

my father bought me the pen.

關系代詞who, that, whom, whose引導的定語從句:

如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關系代詞用who,that(作主語或賓語)

whom (作賓語)

whose(作定語)

例：

作主語不能省略：

This is the film star.

The film star is very popular in China.

The boy is called Roy.

The boy broke the window.

Do you know the man?

The man spoke at the meeting yesterday.

The girl is my cousin.

The girl is watering the flowers.

例：

做賓語能省略：

The man is a famous writer.

He described the man just now.

(作賓語)

The boy is my friend.

I'm looking for the boy.

The thief has been sent to prison.

The police caught the thief last night.

whose作定語,表示所屬關系。

The boy is my friend.

The boy’s father is a policeman.

They are helping the man.

The man’s car is broken.

Please pass me the book.

The cover of the book is red.

例：

( B )A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤兒).

A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which

只能用that,不用which,常見的情況有六種：

1. 當先行詞是all, any, few, little, none,

anything, everything, nothing , everybody,

nobody, everyone, no one 或被這些詞所修飾時。

That’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

2. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。

That is the most boring book that I have ever read.

The first thing that I should do is to do my homework.

3. 當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時。

That’s the only thing that I can do now.

These are the very words that he used.

This is the same bike that I lost.

4. 當主句以who或which開頭時,定語從句的關系詞用that,而不用which或who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?

Which is the pen that you lost ?

5. 先行詞同時包括人或物時，關系詞用that.

The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

6. 主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.　　　??

There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk.

關系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：

1.先行詞為that, those時

What’s that which is under the desk?

2.關系代詞前面有介詞時

This is the room in which he lives.

3.引導非限制性定語從句

Tom came back, which made us happy.

關系詞只能用whom，而不用that/who的情況：

關系代詞前面有介詞時

He is the boy with whom my mother is talking.

who/which/that在定語從句中做主語時,謂語動詞的單復數應與先行詞保持一致。

1) I prefer shoes that are cool.

2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.

3) I love singers who are beautiful.

4) I have a friend who plays sports.

Exercise 1 :用關系代詞填空

1.The boy _ _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.

2.The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.

3.I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.

4.The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.

5. The man _ __ hair is white is his grandfather.

6. Is there a student __ __ father is a business man?

7. This is the house in we have lived for 10 years.

8.I’ve never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.

9.Say all __ __ you know.

10.Is there anything _ I can do for you?

11.This is the first play I have seen since I came here.

12. This is the best novel I have read.

13.Who is the girl __ _is standing under the tree?

14. Which is the machine we used last Sunday.

定語從句關系副詞的用法:

1、Where指地點，在從句中充當地點狀語。

This is the place where we lived ten years ago.

=in which

2、When指時間，在從句中充當時間狀語。

He told me the date when he joined the Party.

=on which

3、Why指原因，在定語從句中充當原因狀語。

I know the reason why she was so angry.

=for which

關系副詞when, where和關系代詞that, which的區別:

同樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where,有時使用that/which;

同樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when,有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點：

1、先行詞在從句中所作成分;

2、定語從句中的謂語動詞是否 一個及物動詞。

1.This is the park (which/ that )we visited last year.

This is the park where we held a birthday party.

= in which

2. She won’t forget the days (which/ that) she spent on the island.

She won’t forget the day when they stayed together.

= on which

分析例題：

1) This is the factory _ _ I visited last year.

2) This is the factory _ _ I worked last year.

3) This is the factory produces all kinds of TV sets.

A. where B. which C. whom D. whose

以上三個句子只有細微的差別，但答案卻不同：做這種題時，要通過還原先行詞,看先行詞在定語從句中所充當的成分;

1)還原為: I visited the factory.是動賓關系，因此選 which

2)還原為: I worked in the factory，factory應在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此選 where

3)還原為: the factory produces all kinds …是作定語從句中的主語，不作地點狀語，因此選which

4)Can you lend me the novel _ _ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

還原后為：You talked about the novel the other day.故it要刪掉，先行詞在句中作賓語，關系代詞可以用which/that或者不填。